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As levels of urbanization increase around the world, the growing
concentrations of population and economic activity increases
vulnerability to natural disasters. Interdependencies among urban
populations mean that damage to the built environment, including
water, sewer and energy infrastructure, can affect millions. Even
if there is no change in the rate of occurrence of natural
disasters (an unlikely prospect in the face of ongoing climate
change) the potential for human and economic loss will continue to
increase, along with the time required to recover. How do cities
prepare for and recover from natural disasters? In this book, the
authors provide a broad overview of the issues related to the
impacts of disasters on cities around the world, from assessing
risks to accounting for damages. The comparative approach across
different types of disasters in a range of urban locations is
useful in identifying opportunities for policy transfer. While
there is no 'one size fits all' solution to hazard mitigation,
valuable lessons can be learned from the experiences of others. The
chapters emphasize different modes for assessing hazard risk, as
well as strategies for increasing the resiliency of vulnerable
populations.
As levels of urbanization increase around the world, the growing
concentrations of population and economic activity increases
vulnerability to natural disasters. Interdependencies among urban
populations mean that damage to the built environment, including
water, sewer and energy infrastructure, can affect millions. Even
if there is no change in the rate of occurrence of natural
disasters (an unlikely prospect in the face of ongoing climate
change) the potential for human and economic loss will continue to
increase, along with the time required to recover. How do cities
prepare for and recover from natural disasters? In this book, the
authors provide a broad overview of the issues related to the
impacts of disasters on cities around the world, from assessing
risks to accounting for damages. The comparative approach across
different types of disasters in a range of urban locations is
useful in identifying opportunities for policy transfer. While
there is no 'one size fits all' solution to hazard mitigation,
valuable lessons can be learned from the experiences of others. The
chapters emphasize different modes for assessing hazard risk, as
well as strategies for increasing the resiliency of vulnerable
populations.
Explores popular economic development strategies in midsize
Canadian urban areas. Roads to Prosperity: Economic Development
Lessons from Midsize Canadian Cities explores the relative
prosperity of midsize Canadian urban areas (population 50,000 to
400,000) over the past two decades. Communities throughout North
America have strived for decades to maintain and enhance the
prosperity of their residents. In the areas that are the focus of
this research, the results of these efforts have been mixed-some
communities have been relatively successful while others have
fallen further behind the national averages. Midsize cities often
lack the resources, both internal and external, to sustain and
enhance their prosperity. Policies and strategies that have been
successful in larger urban areas may be less effective (or
unaffordable) in smaller ones. Roads to Prosperity first examines
the economic structure of forty-two Canadian urban regions that
fall within the midsize range to determine the economic
specializations that characterize these communities and to trace
how these specializations have evolved over the time period between
1991 and 2011. While urban areas with an economic base of natural
resource or manufacturing industries tend to retain this economic
function over the years, communities that rely on the service
industries have been much more likely to experience some degree of
restructuring in their economies over the past twenty years. The
second part of the book looks at a number of currently popular
economic development strategies as they have been applied to
midsize urban areas and their success and failures. While there
appears to be no single economic development strategy that will
lead to greater prosperity for every community, Sands and Reese
explore the various factors that help explain why some work and
others don't.
Tax incentives are a mainstay of state and local economic
development strategies and have been so for decades. Evaluations of
their effectiveness have provided mixed results and few
recommendations that have been translated into actual policy
modifications. Since the mid-1970s, the State of Michigan has
allowed local governments to grant substantial property tax
abatements for new investments in real and personal industrial
property. The program has been extremely popular, with more than
400 different municipalities granting a total of over 17,000
abatements. Despite its prominence, the program has been subject to
only limited analysis at either the State or local level. This book
systematically evaluates several different dimensions of industrial
property tax abatements: The book utilizes a number of analytical
techniques, including GIS, regression, factor, and shift-share
analyses. While the data are drawn from a single state, they
represent the complete history of the tax abatement program in a
state that has allowed widespread use of local tax incentives.
Thus, findings about the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of
local industrial tax abatements are applicable to local and state
governments across the country. Further, findings about tax
abatements are instructive for most financial or tax incentive
schemes.
Explores popular economic development strategies in midsize
Canadian urban areas. Roads to Prosperity: Economic Development
Lessons from Midsize Canadian Cities explores the relative
prosperity of midsize Canadian urban areas (population 50,000 to
400,000) over the past two decades. Communities throughout North
America have strived for decades to maintain and enhance the
prosperity of their residents. In the areas that are the focus of
this research, the results of these efforts have been mixed-some
communities have been relatively successful while others have
fallen further behind the national averages. Midsize cities often
lack the resources, both internal and external, to sustain and
enhance their prosperity. Policies and strategies that have been
successful in larger urban areas may be less effective (or
unaffordable) in smaller ones. Roads to Prosperity first examines
the economic structure of forty-two Canadian urban regions that
fall within the midsize range to determine the economic
specializations that characterize these communities and to trace
how these specializations have evolved over the time period between
1991 and 2011. While urban areas with an economic base of natural
resource or manufacturing industries tend to retain this economic
function over the years, communities that rely on the service
industries have been much more likely to experience some degree of
restructuring in their economies over the past twenty years. The
second part of the book looks at a number of currently popular
economic development strategies as they have been applied to
midsize urban areas and their success and failures. While there
appears to be no single economic development strategy that will
lead to greater prosperity for every community, Sands and Reese
explore the various factors that help explain why some work and
others don't.
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